HOW TO GET STARTED TRADING OPTIONS

An option is a contract that says you have right to buy or sell an asset at a certain price at any time before a certain date, but you're not obligated to do so. Options are separated into "call" and "put". With a call option, you have the right to buy an asset at a certain price before a given that. You'd buy this option if you expected the value of the asset to rise before that date, so that you could buy it more cheaply. A put option is the opposite. You're purchasing the right to sell an asset, which would be useful if you thought the price of that asset would drop before a given date. That's the basic process for trading options, though in practice it is very complex and extremely risky. If you're interested in this high-risk investment, make sure you take the time to educate yourself and only invest with risk capital.

Know what options are. Options are contracts that confer to their holder the right to buy or sell an underlying security at a set price (the "strike price") within a set time period (the "term"). The strike price may be lower or higher than the current price of the underlying security (the "market price"). An option, just like a stock or bond, is a security. Options are traded on an exchange in the US or purchased/sold to a foreign broker. While an option allows one to leverage their cash (an option controls a greater value of stock), it is high risk because it eventually expires.



Understand the risks of options trading. Options can be purchased speculatively or as a hedge against losses. Speculative purchases allow traders to make a large amount of money, but only if they can correctly predict the magnitude, timing, and direction of the underlying security's price movement. This also opens up these traders to large losses and high trade commissions. This makes trading options risky, especially for novice traders.
  • However, options can also be used as a strategy for protecting your investments. For example, you could purchase a put option to sell your shares of a stock if you are worried that the price might drop suddenly. This method of using options is somewhat safe, as you only stand to lose the contract price.

Understand the basic types of trades. There are two major types of options trades: calls and puts. Both represent the right to either buy or sell a security at a certain price within a defined time period. Specifically, the two types are:
  • A "call" is the option or right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. The purchaser of a call expects the price of the underlying stock to rise during the term of the option. For example, the buyer purchases a call on a stock with a $100 strike. The buyer is predicting that the stock will increase (let's say to $105 per share), but he will be able to buy those stocks for $100. If he wishes, he can turn around and sell those stocks for $105, making a profit. Otherwise the buyer would loose the cost of the call bid.
  • A "put" is the option or right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. The purchaser of a put expects the price of the underlying stock to fall during the term of the option. In this case, the buyer can force the writer (seller) of the put option contract to buy the asset at the preset rate.
  • You can open a position with the purchase or sale of a call or put, close it by taking the contrary action, exercise it, or let it expire.

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